Why Car Interiors Get So Hot in Summer

Weve all heard the saying, If you cant take the heat, get out of the kitchen. But during summer, you could insert the word car  into that sentence just as easily. Why is it that your car feels like an oven, no matter if you park in the sun or shade? Blame the greenhouse effect.   A Mini Greenhouse Effect Yes, the same greenhouse effect that traps heat in the atmosphere and keeps our planet at a comfy temperature for us to live is also responsible for baking your car on warm days.  Your cars windshield not only allows you an unobstructed wide view while on the road, it also allows the sunlight an unobstructed pathway inside your cars interior. Just like , the suns shortwave radiation passes through a cars windows. These windows are only warmed a little, but the darker colored objects that the sunrays strike (like the dashboard, steering wheel, and seats) are heated immensely due to their lower albedo. These heated objects, in turn, heat the surrounding air by convection and conduction. According to a 2002 San Jose University study, temperatures in enclosed cars with a basic gray interior rise approximately 19 degrees F in 10 minutes time; 29 degrees in 20 minutes time; 34 degrees in half an hour; 43 degrees in 1 hour; and 50-55 degrees over a period of 2-4 hours.   The following table gives an idea of just how much above the outside air temperature ( °F)  your cars interior can heat up over certain periods of time.   Time Elapsed 70 F 75F 80F 85F 90F 95F 100F 10 minutes 89 94 99 104 109 114 119 20 minutes 99 104 109 114 119 124 129 30 minutes 104 109 114 119 124 129 134 40 minutes 108 113 118 123 128 133 138 60 minutes 111 118 123 128 133 138 143 1 hour 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 As you can see, even on a mild 75 degree day, the inside of  your car would warm to triple digit temperatures in just 20 minutes!  Ã‚   The table also reveals another eye-opening reality: that two-thirds of the temperature spike happens within the first 20 minutes! This is why drivers are urged not to leave children, the elderly, or pets in a parked car for any amount of time -- no matter how seemingly short -- because contrary to what youd think, the bulk of the temperature rise happens within those first few minutes.   Why Cracking the Windows is Useless If you think you can avoid the dangers of a hot car by cracking its windows, think again. According to the same San Jose University study, temperatures inside a car with its windows cracked down rise at a rate of 3.1  °F every 5 minutes, compared to 3.4  °F for closed windows. The   just isnt enough to significantly offset the .    Sunshades Offer Some Cooling Sunshades (shades that fit inside the windshield) are actually a better cooling method than cracking windows. They can reduce your cars temperature by as much as 15 degrees. For even more cooling action, spring for the  foil type since these actually reflect the suns heat back through the glass and away from the car. Why Hot Cars are a Hazard A stifling hot car isnt only uncomfortable, its also dangerous to your health. Just like overexposure to high air temperatures can cause heat illness such as heatstroke and hyperthermia, so can   but even faster since because they. this leads to hyperthermia and possibly death. Young children and infants, the elderly, and pets are most susceptible to heat illness because their bodies are less skilled at regulating temperature. (A childs body temperature warms 3 to 5 times faster than an adults.) Resources and links: NWS Heat Vehicle Safety: Children, Pets, and Seniors.   Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. http://www.noheatstroke.org McLaren, Null, Quinn. Heat Stress from Enclosed Vehicles: Moderate Ambient Temperatures Cause Significant Temperature Rise in Enclosed Vehicles. Pediatrics Vol. 116 No. 1. July 2005.

Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescent Australians And The...

Introduction (250-300 Words) Our adolescent years are thought to be the most experimental period in our lives. The actions teenagers and young adults take in these years can often impact the years later to come, and, while experimenting with drugs like alcohol and tobacco seems to be the social ‘norm’ it can have lasting consequences later both mentally and physically. In this investigation I have explored cigarette smoking among adolescent Australians and the risks that come along with it. To help highlight the impacts and the consequences that can come later, I have acquired the latest statistics and data to raise the concerns that can come from the use of tobacco. With my findings I will display the key factors that often sway an adolescent into smoking cigarettes along with the impacts that cigarette smoking can have on friends, family, the community and finally, the government. The impact that cigarettes can have on the human body will also be explored as well as groups that have been shown to be more likely to be affected by cigarette smoking. Individual strategies that can help adolescents to make positive decisions will also be included, as well as steps that a community can take to educate teenagers and young adults of the impact and the consequences of tobacco smoking. Support groups will also be listed. While cigarette smoking has dropped considerably since frequent studies started in the 1980’s, it is still concerning that the bigger majority of pack a dayShow MoreRelatedInflence of Parental Monitoring on Adolescent Decision Making9466 Words   |  38 PagesABSTRACT Adolescents, who are neither children nor adults, stand with a foot in each world (childhood and adulthood). Their intellectual and emotional development is greater than that of young children, yet they are not fully mature. 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Published by the Australian Communications and Media Authority Canberra Central Office Purple Building, Benjamin Offices Chan Street, Belconnen PO Box 78, Belconnen ACT 2616 Tel: 02 6219 5555 Fax: 02 6219 5200 MelbourneRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pagesclass discussed the meaning and an important tool for encouraging students’ lan- impact of Confederation on modern-day Canada. guage skills and cognitive development. However, I The students loved the project and I was able to inte- have also come to realize that as students progress grate many elements of the curriculum into the unit. through the elementary grades the nature and By providing students with opportunities to express design of this play needs to be modified in order to theirRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesinformative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. 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York, Oakland University We especially thank our collaborators who adapted the book for the European and Australian markets, as well as those who translated Developing Management Skills into Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Dutch. We are grateful for the assistance of many dedicated associates who have helped us continually upgrade and enhance Developing ManagementRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesnature and persistence of obsessions, compulsions, and neutralization responses. Chapter 3 presents the behavioral theory and treatment of OCD, with particular attention to their shortcomings that led to a greater emphasis on the cognitive approach among behavioral researchers of OCD. 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The Influence of Rock Music on Young People free essay sample

Glam rock emerged out of the English Psychedelic and art rock scene of the late ass, defined by artists such as Steve Harley, David Bowie, Cockney Rebel Glam itself was a nostalgic mesh of various styles, both visual art and music, ranging from sass Hollywood glamour, to sass pin-up sex appeal and rock n roll teenage rebellion, to pre-war Cabaret theatrics, to Victorian literary and Symbolist styles, to ancient and occult mysticism and mythology (such as Bowies references to Leister Growlers Eastman in his song of the same name, and themes of reincarnation and self-invention in T.Rexes Cosmic Dancer). Glam is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and androgyny, and use of theatrics. Progressive Rock Progressive Rock bands went beyond the established rock music formulas by experimenting with different instruments, song types, and musical forms. With the advent of punk rock in the late sass, critical opinion in England moved toward a simpler and more aggressive style of rock, with progressive bands increasingly dismissed as pretentious and overblown, ending progressive rocks reign as one of the leading styles in rock. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Rock Music on Young People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This development is seen by some as part of wider commercial turn in popular music in the second half of the 1 sass, during which many funk or soul bands switched to disco, and smooth jazz gained popularity over jazz fusion. Punk rock Punk rock developed between 1974 and 1976 in the united States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Alternative rock Is a genre of rock music that emerged in the ass and became widely popular in the ass. By the beginning Of the sass, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Ii! Ad become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the alternative rock movement. Punk rock continues to have a strong underground cult following. This has resulted in several evolved strains of hardcore punk, such as D-beat (a distortion-heavy submerge influenced by the UK band Discharge), anarchy- punk (such as Crass), grinder (such as Napalm Death), and crust punk.Memo In the mid-ass, the term memo described a submerge of hardcore punk which stemmed from the Washington D. C. Music scene. Listeners of different types of music The conclusion We find the ultimate satisfaction in music, be it classical or popular, when we have learnt how to reject the spurious and accept the genuine; when we have learnt how to listen.

The ballad is essentially a narrative poem illustrate this fact with consideration to the aspects of narrative discussed so far Essay Example

The ballad is essentially a narrative poem illustrate this fact with consideration to the aspects of narrative discussed so far?   Paper The ballad Sir Patrick Spens follows the traditional criterion of a ballad, as it is a narrative poem. This is evident to the reader, as they read they are told the tale of Sir Patrick Spens and his voyage to sail the Kings ship. The tale of this ballad is part told through the narrator, who in this case is the author anonymous, and partly through the characters in dialogue, there are no long speeches but questions and answers are used. For example consider the use of dialogue in Stanza one; O whar will I get guid sailor, To sail this ship of mine? In this use of dialogue, the King has asked a question. The answer to the question asked is given in stanza two, with the introduction of a new character the eldern knicht. As explained above the question answer dialogue is common to a majority of ballads. We will write a custom essay sample on The ballad is essentially a narrative poem illustrate this fact with consideration to the aspects of narrative discussed so far?   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The ballad is essentially a narrative poem illustrate this fact with consideration to the aspects of narrative discussed so far?   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The ballad is essentially a narrative poem illustrate this fact with consideration to the aspects of narrative discussed so far?   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Ballad Sir Patrick Spens is written in typical ballad meter, which is basically alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, with the last words of the second and fourth lines rhyming. Usually composed in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three stress lines, with second and fourth line rhyming (a4b3c4b3). With four lines per stanza), As ballads were meant to be performed, they were retold through word of mouth. Therefore there are many various versions of ballads. When they were written spellings of certain words in the ballads were different, they were written in the way that they were spoken or performed in different dialects. The ballad Sir Patrick Spens was sung in a Scottish dialect, we know this as in the opening line of the ballad there is reference to the Scottish town of Dumferling. Some of the words in the ballad were written to how they were pronounced for example in the written version, the word good is spelt guid this is how it would be pronounced when sung in a Scottish accent. Many ballads are written in objective verse rather than subjective verse. Sir Patrick Spens is also written in objective verse this means that the story or narrative is told with clear and direct action in a simple and straightforward description that is simple to remember. Only slight attention is paid to characterisation or description. Sir Patrick Spens is written in a third person narrative, as the author anonymous is not a character in the poem. The opening stanza of Sir Patrick Spens has an abrupt opening. Is not straightforward but it used present through the use of colour imagery, The King sits in Dumferling town Drinking the blue -reid wine This line could create the impression in the readers mind that the king is drinking the blood, the author has carefully used simple ballad colour imagery by using the colour red, to create a shocking effect on the reader. The closing stanza of the ballad is the summarizing stanza where the reader is told that sir Patrick is dead. Death is the ending the final ending in life, the use of death in the last stanza symbolises that it is the end, that there is nothing else after it. This is however also an abrupt ending as we are not really told of the emotions or feeling of the women who have just lost their partners, nor of Sir Patrick Spens or his crew as they died.

Vertigo essays

Vertigo essays Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo is a thrilling film filled with mystery and suspense. However, Hitchcock left many unsolved issues at the end of this film. In contrast, when comparing Vertigo to more recent films of similar genre, mysteries are usually always solved and thoroughly explained by the end of the film. Ironically, Hitchcocks failure to explain everything to the audience in Vertigo is one of the films best attributes. This lack of knowledge allows the viewer to use their own imagination and speculate as to what might or might not have become of certain characters. Vertigo boasted several different themes. However, the Ideal Woman Lost theme was the most prevalent (Handout #1). This theme was brought on by an obsessed everyman type. Jimmy Stewart, otherwise known as Scottie in the film, played this everyman type whose personality was maliciously twisted into an overly obsessive man. His cause for obsession was a beautiful, young woman played by Kim Novak, known as both Madeleine and Judy in the film. Madeleine drew Scottie in so deep, that he literally became a different person. This film mirrored Hitchcocks personal feelings and was considered to be his favorite film. While there are many scenes that prove the above theme, the following are three specific scenes that clearly spell out Scotties obsession. The scene where Scottie was sitting in his car alone after dropping Midge off at her home is a good first example. Midge and Scottie had just spent an afternoon together researching Carlotta Valdes history. Before Midge got out of the car she told Scottie, much to his dismay, that she was going view Carlottas portrait at the museum. As soon as Midge got out of the car, Scottie pulled out his brochure from the museum and turned to the page that hosted Carlottas portrait. As he stared at her pic ...

Solar Energy Houses

Solar Energy Houses The mitigation of climate change has taken drastic steps as global warming is happening faster than expected. Dodds, Higman and Sherman (17) explain that there are various suggestions that have been made on how to reduce the impact of climate change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Energy Houses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One such suggestion is the acceptance and use of solar energy houses. Solar energy houses are houses that do not use electrical power that is made through processes that emit carbon dioxide. The electrical energy that is used is derived from solar power. The houses are installed with panels that convert sunlight into electrical energy. There are various benefits of using solar energy houses. One such advantage is that it reduces the use of power that is made through processes that encourage emission of carbon dioxide. McKinney et al. (232) explain that many countries currently use electr ical power that is produced through generator cells. The process of burning fuel to create energy emits carbon dioxide, which is in turn expelled into the atmosphere. The increased emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere causes the increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. This, in turn, affects global warming and climate change. The solar energy houses do not emit carbon dioxide. Therefore, they help reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. In the same breadth, another advantage of the solar energy houses is that they reduce the emission of carbon dioxide through other processes. There are many human activities that emit carbon dioxide. For example, cooking with charcoal or firewood, lighting firewood in the fireplace to keep warm, and cooking using gas all lead to the emission of carbon dioxide. The use of solar power can allow individuals to stop depending on fossil fuels. For example, the use of solar power can allow a person to cook with the clean electrical power. Given solar power is significantly free, there would be no worries of an increasing electricity bill. Similarly, the use of charcoal and gas will be reduced. This will, in turn, reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. Heaters and other appliances at home would also depend on the clean solar power.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dodds, Highman and Sherman (246) also explain that the use of solar energy houses can help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted from greenhouses. The greenhouses can use solar photons to this end. There have been researches that show that the photons can be converted into chemical energy, which in turn can be used in the greenhouses. The chemical fuel will allow photosynthesis to take place without the use of direct sunrays. Enhanced photosynthesis will mean that there will be more intake of carbon di oxide and release of oxygen. It is also important to mention that solar energy houses encourages the use of charcoal fuel in the third world countries. Considering that the third world countries receive many hours of sunlight, they are more suitable for this particular action. The third world countries have been using compressed cooking gas and charcoal to cook. The cutting down of trees to make charcoal reduces photosynthesis. As mentioned, photosynthesis helps with the reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A lot still needs to be done to control the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, one of the steps that would help reduce the release of carbon dioxide is the acceptance and use of solar energy houses. Dodds, Felix, Andrew Highman, and Richard Sherman. Climate Change And Energy Insecurity: The Challenge For Peace, Security And Development. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print McKinney, L. Michael, Robert M. Schoch, and ‎ Logan Yonavjak. Environmental Science: System s and Solutions. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2007. Print

Theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theatre - Essay Example These images that only aggravate instead of shed light to the issue of discrimination is highlighted and exaggerated by Spike Lee in his film ‘Bamboozled.’ Racial sensitivity and political incorrectness is brought to new heights as a satirical commentary on the cultural quicksand that traces back to the origins of racism. In this day where there is a common perception of well-founded acceptance of frowning upon racial stereotyping, the reality of these occurrences does exist and the questions bring to light the actions or inactions of each individual in shattering these preconceived notions. It deduces into a question of color where white can never be too white and black can never be too black. Education is inevitably the cure of ignorance and raises a heightened level of awareness that must be utilized to give a definitive use of breaking images that tarnish race as a one-sided concept. This notion of racial confusion boxes an individual that limits his ability not even to transcend but to simply stick to his nature that should not be defined by skin-color. The Harvard education of Pierre Delacroix was depicted in such a way that it was to some degree a liability to his ability to formulate a television show that would appeal to the general audience. His boss remarks him as completely unaware of his own color and demands from him a reassessment of cultural insight. On his part, Delacroix insists on the establishment of shows that would cater to a virtually unknown market of a Negro middle ground where he discernibly belongs to.i When in a private conference with his boss played by Michael Rappaport, the main character is barraged with comments that are downright offensive through the micro view of the filmmaker. Upon entering the office, Delacroix was asked what CP time means and he explains that it stands for College People time associated with the notion that African Americans

Commentary for IB Literature Facebook sonnet Essay

Commentary for IB Literature Facebook sonnet - Essay Example Overall, the poem evokes a keen melancholic sense of the narrator primarily due to his or her feelings of loneliness because of the lack of human warmth and the losses one suffers because of it. The author deftly deploys several literary devices such as allegory, metaphors, similes and symbolism to depict the character’s emotions and illustrate the disdainful stage of his or her mind. Rendered in sonnet structure, the poem opens with reminiscences of the narrator about the high school reunions, which now occurs over the internet through social networking sites. The author uses symbolism here to allude to the facelessness of social networking interactions by alluding to the fact that people welcome friends and lovers from the past irrespective of whether they are â€Å"kind or cruel† (Alexie, 2011, L. 3). This further suggests that people are indiscreet when they interact with others through online media, without knowing a person’s intentions are good or bad. Besides, the narrator also points to the situation that people in the modern day, dwell on unnecessary elements from the past which makes them â€Å"undervalue† the present and, therefore, they fail to mend the wrongs they do in the present. Thus, through illustrating the attitudes of the modern humans through symbolism the author demonstrates the absence of human warmth in their lives wh ich saddens the narrator. The author deploys the literary device of allegory to show that humans in the modern day have become mechanical and they eschew everything natural because of their obsession with technology such as internet and social networking. He refers to the situation where people need to â€Å"exhume, resume, and extend† their childhood, which apparently is the most innocent and natural period in every person’s life (L. 7). He further emphasizes that every stage of human life should be same or in other words, he means that it is essential for

Examine jungs understanding of religeon Essay Example for Free

Examine jungs understanding of religeon Essay Carl Gustav Jung a Swiss psychiatrist and a contemporary to the most controversial minds: Freud, who of which Jung’s theories to begin with were influenced by, but later grew opposition towards his ideas and started pursuing his own. Simply Viewing religion as a natural process and considered it as something that was ultimately good for our mental well being. Jung’s understanding of religion is solemnly based on his individual perception of psychology, in order for one to understand his theory it is essential to acknowledge key features. To begin with Jung argued the libido which is said to be the main cause of neuroses is where psychic energy is produced, the energy is needed for the work of our personality to be performed efficiently, opposing to what Freud defines as a sexual drive essential to be released. This indicates Jung views religion as something of a deeper meaning and holds a lot more value to be classed as something created due to our supposedly guilty sexual desires. Jung’s work with patients with a range of different beliefs lead to him forming a link between different types of religions. Jung identified the similarities found in a number of religions for example in Islam Muslim’s refer to god as light ‘nur’ correspondingly in Christianity â€Å"I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. (John 8:12) therefore Christians describe his as the ‘Light of the World’. Such comparisons that are too complex to be classed as a consequence caused Jung to declare not only do we all as humans have a un-conscious part and conscious part split in our brain, we also all have a collective un-conscious in our un conscious which we are all born with and is the oldest part of our brain. Due to everybody having the same collective unconscious results to us creating the same images, therefore explaining why everyone shares a similar idea of god, shared by all of humanity. These images are formed in the archetype, Jung stated the archetype is categorized into five different parts: the persona, shadow, animus, anima and God and self. Jung thought the self was the most vital part of our psyche; in order for us to ensure we stay healthy it seeks the integration of all of the parts of our characters â€Å"Individuation means becoming an ‘in-dividual’, and in so far as ‘individuality’ embraces our innermost, last, and incomparable uniqueness, it also implies becoming one’s own self. We could therefore translate individuation as ‘coming to self-hood’ or ‘self-realisation. † Jung states are un-conscious mind which is split in 5 parts is set of sometime during our life and results to becoming un-balanced along with the imbalance of the conscious and unconscious part of our brain, the failure of maintaining harmony leads to a cause of mental disorder in order for us to prevent this we turn to religion to make us a whole individual, we need answers and a belief in god, religion is used as a cure. The images created in the god category of our archetype supply us to successfully integrate the conscious and un-conscious parts of our personality. Jung’s theory explains why we as human beings value religion; if one of us were to oppose it we would be disturbing our natural individuation process. Therefore accepting religion is beneficial for the sake of our sanity and mental health, Jung viewed religion from a positive perspective although he did not personally believe that god exists his approach on the topic was respective â€Å"nothing positive or negative has been asserted about the possible existence of any god† Jung stated although the likelihood of god existing is slim yet he may exist. Furthermore removing religion would potentially cause psychological problems, as opposed to Freud who felt religion is an illness everyone should strive to overcome. Jung states religion stabilizes you and makes you whole.

Prosperity and Peril at the Peak with Pericles Essay -- Philosophy, Gr

In the Age of Pericles, from 491 until his death in 429 BCE, Athens thrived. In this short period, Athens was a place of reform and advancement, giving us our sources of democracy, architecture, and the dramatic arts. Here, great minds such as Socrates and Sophocles congregated; here, ideals flourished. These developments of the Age of Pericles distinguish it as a high point in Greek society and, indeed, all Western civilization. From the start of his career in government, Pericles provided the Athenian people with the foundations of democracy. In 461, Pericles campaigned against aristocrats sitting in government, and in 451 enforced a law to prevent children of non-citizens from becoming full citizens (PBS, â€Å"The Greeks†). By managing the ties that aristocrats often made to other countries, Pericles managed to keep government from being monopolized. Unlike the aristocracy, Pericles focused on the disenfranchised, instructing Athenians to â€Å"especially obey those laws enacted for the protection of the oppressed and those which, although unwritten, it is acknowledged shame to violate† (Kagan 166, from Thucydides 2.37.3). Expounding on this social observance of fairness, Pericles most directly gave rights to the Athenians when he made possible â€Å"the full participation of its citizens in the government of city and empire† (Robertson 90). This faculty of citizens to have full acces s to their government provided Athenians with the start of democracy. Although not everyone benefited, as women and slaves were left out during this particularly â€Å"masculine age† (Robinson 91), Pericles did try to attend to the rights of men as equally as he could. It was thus that he narrowed the gap in representation of wealthy and poor citizens: paying the ... ... of the state as a whole they judged him to be the ablest† (Kagan, from Thucydides, 2.65.4) Having realized that Pericles was altogether the best man to lead them, Athens re-embraced the man who brought them to their peak. Unfortunately, they soon fell from it, but as that didn’t happen until after the Age of Pericles, this age, gilded like Athens’ goddess, remains relatively intact. Athens was at once the site of the forerunner of democracy, the epitome of Classical architecture, the height of drama, naval superiority, and enlightened minds such as Socrates. As much as these developments gave Athens its preeminence, and despite how rapidly it fell, the growth of Athens in this brief time has given us the source of our modern democracy, our sense of culture, and our ideals for society. In the Age of Pericles, Athens bloomed, but even now we relish its benefits. Prosperity and Peril at the Peak with Pericles Essay -- Philosophy, Gr In the Age of Pericles, from 491 until his death in 429 BCE, Athens thrived. In this short period, Athens was a place of reform and advancement, giving us our sources of democracy, architecture, and the dramatic arts. Here, great minds such as Socrates and Sophocles congregated; here, ideals flourished. These developments of the Age of Pericles distinguish it as a high point in Greek society and, indeed, all Western civilization. From the start of his career in government, Pericles provided the Athenian people with the foundations of democracy. In 461, Pericles campaigned against aristocrats sitting in government, and in 451 enforced a law to prevent children of non-citizens from becoming full citizens (PBS, â€Å"The Greeks†). By managing the ties that aristocrats often made to other countries, Pericles managed to keep government from being monopolized. Unlike the aristocracy, Pericles focused on the disenfranchised, instructing Athenians to â€Å"especially obey those laws enacted for the protection of the oppressed and those which, although unwritten, it is acknowledged shame to violate† (Kagan 166, from Thucydides 2.37.3). Expounding on this social observance of fairness, Pericles most directly gave rights to the Athenians when he made possible â€Å"the full participation of its citizens in the government of city and empire† (Robertson 90). This faculty of citizens to have full acces s to their government provided Athenians with the start of democracy. Although not everyone benefited, as women and slaves were left out during this particularly â€Å"masculine age† (Robinson 91), Pericles did try to attend to the rights of men as equally as he could. It was thus that he narrowed the gap in representation of wealthy and poor citizens: paying the ... ... of the state as a whole they judged him to be the ablest† (Kagan, from Thucydides, 2.65.4) Having realized that Pericles was altogether the best man to lead them, Athens re-embraced the man who brought them to their peak. Unfortunately, they soon fell from it, but as that didn’t happen until after the Age of Pericles, this age, gilded like Athens’ goddess, remains relatively intact. Athens was at once the site of the forerunner of democracy, the epitome of Classical architecture, the height of drama, naval superiority, and enlightened minds such as Socrates. As much as these developments gave Athens its preeminence, and despite how rapidly it fell, the growth of Athens in this brief time has given us the source of our modern democracy, our sense of culture, and our ideals for society. In the Age of Pericles, Athens bloomed, but even now we relish its benefits.

Becoming Literate

From Spanish to English: Becoming Literate Mark Twain once said, â€Å"The man who does not read has no advantage over the man who cannot read. † It was in first grade when I first learned how to read. Mrs. Garza was my teacher and I will never forget her because she is the one that taught me how to read, write, and speak English. If it was not for her encouragement and push she gave me I would not have been where I am today. It was a book that contained a collection of short stories. Words like ‘mat’ and ‘hat’ were in this book.After that year my mom was so happy and proud of me that she bought that book from the school. To this day I still have that book and I look at it from time to time. I was born and raised in McAllen, Texas but the weird thing is that I am the only person in my whole family that was born in the United States! My parents are from Monterrey in Mexico so of course they speak only Spanish with a little bit of English. My first lang uage was Spanish and I did not start speaking English until the end of first grade.I had already learned my English alphabet in kinder but I never wanted to speak or use English for some reason. Mrs. Garza would have to force us to speak English but my friends and I never wanted to! One day, after trying so many methods, she put little jars in each of the groups in the class. She told us that for every person that she would hear speak Spanish, she was going to place a marble in the jar. At the end of the week whoever had the least marbles would get rewarded with either a candy or and item of some sort. That is how I was forced to speak and write English.It was then that I started talking to my friends in English as well. At home, I was still speaking Spanish with my parents and siblings. I already knew my alphabet so I began to read, write and speak English. To this day, I thank my parents for teaching me Spanish first because it has been very useful. I have never really liked writi ng. I am in a way kind of like Junot Diaz, I'll be writing and I will not think it is good at all and will just doubt myself. Being a successful writer does take a lot of thinking, years of hard work and dedication, and of course the passion you have for writing.The words just do not come to me as easy as other people and that frustrates me. I have to really think about it and re-read and re-write it many times before I have a finished product. When it comes to people like Malcom X, he did of course have all of this dedication to learn new words. He did not grow up with all the resources that maybe Junot Diaz and Stephen King did so that pushed him even more to teach himself. These three writers help you realize that these famous authors also have struggled to have a finished product.They helped me realize that doubting yourself and trashing the first, second, and even a third draft always come before you have it almost perfect. â€Å"Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body,† said Richard Steele. This has always been one of my favorite quotes because unlike writing, I have a passion to read. I have always loved to read especially a series. The first series that I ever read was the Junie B. Jones during my elementary years. I would check one out in my school library, return it by the end of the week and quickly get the next one.To this day, I still consider myself to be an active reader and ever since I got an Amazon Kindle, I read much faster. It is easier for me to take it to anywhere and anytime. I enjoy mostly fiction books but do read other genres from time-to-time. I have memories of being so excited to add new books to the list whenever I completed them. I always challenge myself to read as many books as I can in a week because of the rush I get after finishing another book. I still read every single day and often cannot put down a book once I start it.My older sister loves to read as well. We have the same taste in books and I love it because whenever she reads a book she will tell me to read it because she knows I will enjoy it as much as she did. Since she also has a Kindle, we can share the eBooks electronically so I will not actually have to buy a book. She is also in a book club, which sounds nerdy, but she has a lot of fun. They read a different novel every single week and then they meet on Fridays. She loves being in this club because it gives her a chance to talk about the novel to her friends.I know I am not the only person to say this, but I hate it whenever I read a novel and I immediately want to talk to someone and share my thoughts about it but no one that has read it! My sister has convinced me to join a book club sometime because it is a great way to have fun and enjoy reading even more. Although I love to read, whenever I am assigned a novel it is so hard for me to read it! Last year in my AP English class, my teacher Ms. Grace would assign us a reading list with novels we had to read by specifi c dates. Some were good but some I was just not interested in so it was very hard to pick up the book and start reading.For some reason, whenever I am assigned a novel to read and finish it by a specific date, I cannot get myself to read it. Whenever I choose a novel that I want to read I will finish it the very next day, which I find very ironic. I am thankful that I had the resources to become literate. Life would not be the same if you do not have that skill. I cannot even begin to imagine not being able to read or write. I am glad that I had such a wonderful teacher for first grade because without her encouragement I would not be here today reading, writing, or speaking English.

Newton Second Law of Motion Essay

According to newton’s second law of motion, Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass is, the grater the acceleration is needed to move forward. This law basically states that a force applied to the objects changes its velocity overtime in the direction of the force that is applied, the acceleration is directly proportional to the force, as an example, if pushing on an object, causing it to accelerate, and then you push, the same object three times harder, the acceleration will be three times greater and the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object, if you push equally on two objects, and one of the objects has five times more mass than the other, it will accelerate at one fifth of the object. SUV’s have the greater mass than the car. So SUV’s need more force than light car to move forward in the direction the force is applied, we can say that SUV’s need more force to act than a car, for example driving an SUV and light car at the same velocity, the force needed for car would be less than the SUV and the car would run faster than a suv as it need less force than an SUV. SUV requires more fuel than a normal car. A Car could run faster than an SUV and it even requires less fuel. Therefore, the more mass the object has, it requires more force to make it move forward and to act on it. Newton’s second law of motion states that the heavier objects require more force to get them moving but smaller objects or lighter objects require less force to actually get them moving. The formula that is used is force equals mass times acceleration. For example if you throw a 5lb weight stone and a 2lb weight with the same amount of force the 2lbs weight will travel faster than the 5lbs weight, That is because there is less mass to be moved, A truck hits a car and allows the car to move forward. The truck provides the force and the car’s mass, and the acceleration is how quickly the car (mass) moves forward. The larger and heavier the car mass is, the more force it takes to move forward. If the car has very less mass it move’s forward quicker than the car with more mass. Thus, we can say that more people would prefer a car than a SUV’s because of it’s mass and fuel efficiency that is required which is very less in consumption in a car than compared to SUV’s.

Puzzled how to write a character sketch Ask us!

Puzzled how to write a character sketch Ask us! Complete Guide on Writing a Character Sketch We all want our written works to be not only engaging but also full of life and vivid. It is a great intention, but not every student knows how to achieve such an important goal. Most of them are not aware that a wrong approach may only harm the story, especially if you don’t know your characters well enough. In most of the cases, outstanding stories are character-oriented and experienced writers know it very well. If the characters are boring or even absent, the story will not be interesting at all. So if you want to succeed, your characters should have the leading role, showing the story what direction to go. To achieve this, you must know your character from A to Z. And the best way to know the character is to start with writing a character sketch. Character Sketch Definition A character sketch is a brief and comprehensive description of a person that aims to introduce the reader to certain attributes of a character: whether it is physical appearance, behavior under different circumstances, thoughts and experiences that impact actions in future. In other words, it is a description of a character, which is needed for the success of the story. Your main goal is to provide the audience with a clear image of the character, which is necessary for your story. Description of the chosen character should answer all of the questions that the audience may have. Including: What are the physical features of the characters? What is the story behind the characters? In what psychological state the characters are? What are their goals, emotions, and fears? How do they communicate? What are their main life aspirations? How can the story benefit from such information? These questions are not compulsory but yet very advisable if you want to understand your characters. There is no single and accepted pattern of writing a character sketch because everything depends on the goals you are pursuing and the format of the story. However, below we will explain what to include to your sketch and what things to avoid. Just answer a series of questions about the character, and you will get all the data you may need! What Are the Physical Features of the Character? When you think of your character, physical appearance may not be the first thing that comes to your mind although you need to have a clear image of how your character looks like. Any time you make a new acquaintance you notice a few details (if the stranger is not wearing a mask): face, height, hair, body type and attire. Imagine that you need to tell your friends or relatives about a special meeting. How would you start? For example: Hello Anna, today I met a man at the gas station. He looked so handsome in plain jeans and a t-shirt with a superhero logo. He is very tall and has curly brown hair just like Uncle Sam! I guess he is a doctor because there was a big folder with medical histories in his hands.   Probably he was leaving the hospital. In the example above you have told Anna (your friend or sister) about man’s age, his body type, possible occupation and also noticed a resemblance with your Uncle Sam. You may have talked to him, but you will most likely remember the physical appearance and details of clothes, and not his name or the way he talked. If you meet that man at the hospital or any other place, you can just start the conversation: Hello, I guess I saw you two days ago at the gas station. You were wearing a funny t-shirt and held a pile of medical histories. As you see, physical appearance and attributes can create a broader picture of the first impression. So if you want to skip this important stage to dive into the character’s psychological world at once, you risk of losing a big part of the story. Appearance and emotions are inseparable, and you need to give readers a chance to imagine how the character looks like in order to understand the story better. Describing appearance is one of the first steps in creating a character sketch. What’s Your Character Busy with? Your readers will always be interested in what your character is up to (unless he dies in the first chapter). This aspect is as important as describing physical appearance. The audience should know what the character is busy with when you introduce him for the first time. Providing such details helps readers to evaluate other important aspects of the story: time and setting, location and much more. Let’s imagine that your character is a medical intern and he sleeps on a shift. The reason may be that he had a rough night, arguing with his girlfriend or he is simply lazy. Of course, you will want to tell the reader why your intern is asleep in the workplace. Will he be fired? What will the consequences be? As you see, such details may give your story further direction. Your character’s sketch should also reflect the actions or inactions of the person and how they impact the plot. A sleepy intern will surely be a bad example for others. You can draw a picture of how his alarm clock wakes him up, and he rushes to admission’s desk. Remember, your sketch should contain a detailed description of the character’s actions. That is exactly how the plot evolves. Why is your character sitting over textbooks late after midnight? Why is he constantly distracted by smartphone notifications during a date? Your description needs to explain the actions of the character. In such a way you will help the audience to understand what part the character will occupy in a bigger story. What Are His/Her Emotions? Every character has a certain emotional state. Of course, emotions may vary, and every person may go from positive to very angry in a matter of seconds. However, such a switch is usually caused by different experiences. You may stick to several dominant emotions that determine your character’s outlook on life. Are they positive? What things make them happy? Do they often experience anxiety? Do they feel themselves a part of the community? What fears do they have? Are they playing by the common rules? When you need to describe the emotions and behavior of the character further in the story, you can refer to your sketch and person’s dominant emotions. Now, when you add emotional state to your character’s sketch, you should be sure that these details are relevant to your story. Make sure that you are not simply stating emotions that people feel but also showing the reader by inserting dialogs, actions, and thoughts of the character. For example, if your character is happy and positive, he won’t be angry with a broken tire. He will just come up with a solution and will go on through the day. Referring to dominant emotions is a great way to develop the plot and to make your story interesting and engaging. Does Your Character Need a Name? Even if the character appears only episodically, he will need a name. If you decide to write a sketch, it means that the character is important and you definitely need to give him a name. In addition, your readers may need to refer him further in the story. Don’t worry, you may change that name in the future, so there is no need to spend days on choosing a proper one. However, there are multiple online catalogs, which may greatly simplify the process of choosing a name. Some websites offer users to choose a name depending on gender, ethnicity or even time period. You can also choose a meaningful name that will contribute to the story. In addition, you can always give your character a nickname that will explain the background of the person or some of the hobbies he has. The Story Behind the Character As you remember, character sketch aims to guide the reader through a bigger story. That is why you need to create details that will give your readers background information. At a certain point, your plot may require such information: character’s birthplace, childhood experiences and how they influenced adult personality. You may not need such information more than once, but it will surely help you to create a true story. If your goal is not to generate tens of unanswered questions, it is better to be ready and give all the answers that readers may need. If you find it challenging to create a background story of the character, you can think of a person you know that is similar to the character you are describing. It may be a friend or a family member that will inspire you and will help to create a true story of the past. Your main goal is to make such a story believable. For example, if the character doesn’t like people, he was probably hurt in the past and now is trying to distance from others not to experience that pain again. The audience is always willing to know what experience and situations made characters to get where they are now. At first, it may be quite challenging to write a character’s sketch, but it will become much easier if you practice. In case you don’t have time, don’t worry! There are professional writing companies that are ready to help. Important Details Even if you think that your character sketch is ready, there may still be pieces of important information that can occur when working on a bigger story. When they appear, don’t forget to write them down and add to your character sketch. In most of the cases, stories write themselves, so you won’t simply be able to work on all of the details before writing the story itself. The next time an interesting detail or fact comes up you only need to write it down. You can easily forget them, and it will only harm the story, so don’t trust your memory and keep all the thoughts on paper. What may these details include? For example, things that distinguish your character from others and how these differences lead to an argument. The same applies to similarities of the person to others and how these similarities contributed to creating better communication with other characters of the story. Remember, you should always include maximum details, because they will enrich the story and explain readers the motives of various characters and their impact on the plot. Things to Keep in Mind A character sketch is a sort of a guideline of the story. Its main goal is to help the author to understand the character in order to introduce them to the audience. Not all of the elements of the sketch will be included to the story, but you still need to make sure that it contains all of the necessary details, like gender, age, body type, height, birth country, dominant emotions and so on. You should also keep in mind that some of the elements of your sketch may be transmitted through the actions.   You may not simply declare that your character loves reading but tell how he postponed a date to finish reading an interesting novel. Or how he spent two days of vacation in a local library instead of sunbathing on the beach. As a result, you will create a character that will develop the story and will help it to evolve. You will understand the character, his actions and what consequences those actions may have. Remember, the main purpose of a character sketch is to create a comprehensive, character-based and reliable story that the audience will admire.

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth

Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth Fluent in Speech and Affluent in Wealth By Maeve Maddox Some speakers and writers are beginning to use the word affluent in contexts that call for fluent. Here are some examples of incorrect usage Ive notice on the web: a good vocabulary is necessary†¦ everyone should be well rounded and affluent in their own language. [Name] has over 14 years of real estate experience, is affluent in Spanish and specializes in new home and residential sales. [Name] was baptized in November 2006. She is affluent in Spanish, but her English is very weak. [Name], who is affluent in Spanish, works with Hispanic students. I need someone who is affluent in Spanish and I also would like to know about what they would charge for this. I now realize that not everyone is affluent in Spanish. Both fluent and affluent come from Latin words related to the idea of moving water: fluere, to flow; affluere, flow toward. In modern usage, the most common definitions of the two words are these: fluent [flÃ… «Ã‰â„¢nt] : flowing or capable of flowing, especially with ease or freedom affluent [ÄÆ'flÃ… «-É™nt] : having an abundance of goods or riches The misuse reflects a nonstandard pronunciation of affluent that puts the stress on the second syllable instead of the first. Here are some examples of the correct use of affluent: Are Affluent Teens The Latest Victims Of Mental Illness? These are affluent singles and couples who live in the chic high-rise neighborhoods of many big cities, owning swank condos and apartments. An Increasingly Affluent Middle India Is Harder to Ignore A person may live in an affluent neighborhood, but is fluent in a language. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeThe Writing ProcessThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

E-Commerce business model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Commerce business model - Coursework Example In fact, the business has been making a profitable use of its e-commerce platform to attract new customers as well as retain existing customers. For this purpose the business model that this business has adopted is known as business2customer (B2C) model. This business model allows GAP Enterprise to perform transactions directly with its customers. The web site contains a wide variety of dresses for both males and females including with other accessories. In this report I will analyze the business structure of GAP Enterprise by paying a particular attention on its e-commerce business. In this report I will discuss its e-commerce model and how it makes use of its e-commerce business to attract its customers. In this report I will present some of recommendations regarding e-procurement, e-marketing, and improvement of online ordering and for Internationalization of the GAP website. Introduction In the past few years, traditional business practices have been replaced with modern and inno vative business environment. In this scenario, e-commerce is a very attractive trend that has attained the attention of the majority of business organization. Basically, e-commerce is a way of carrying out business tasks using the Internet or over the Internet. In this scenario, business and customers can communicate with each other. There are so many benefits of using an e-commerce business platform (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Turban et al., 2005). This report will present a detailed analysis of an ecommerce platform. For this report I have chosen GAP’s e-commerce platform. Basically, this firm uses a business2customer business model for attracting different customers. In this report I will present an analysis of its different aspects. Though, the GAP Corporation is a web based e-commerce platform however it also works through a physical store can provide its customers with a wide variety of products varying from outfit and accessories such as head to toe with a well established brand. In addition, GAP Enterprise is aimed at offering and meeting the customer’s requirements and expectations in a unique manner. Thus, currently the GAP has also established the business offering a full range of â€Å"accessories and furnishings† for business customers to individualize their home, with a unique style of living and wearing. This report presents a detailed analysis of GAP’s e-commerce platform, e-commerce model and major recommendations for e-procurement, e-marketing, improvement of online ordering and for Internationalization of the GAP website. Figure 1Web site of GAP Enterprise, Image Source: www.GAP.com Organizational Overview Gap Inc. is a well-known retailer which presents a wide variety of accessories, clothing, and personal care products specially designed for women, men, babies and children under the Gap, Old Navy, banana republic, Athleta and Piperlime brands. Additionally, the staff working at Gap Inc. consists of more than 132,000 people. In addition, it has more than 3,000 corporate stores and more than 250 franchise stores all around the world. Some of the well-known brands of Gap Inc. are: (Gap Inc., 2012) Gap GapKids babyGap GapMaternity GapBody Banana Republic Old Navy Piperlime Athleta Figure 2 A Banner to Attract the customers Attraction for Customers GAP Inc. offers a wide variety of accessories and dressing styles developed through high quality fabrics and materials. Historically, this business started by offering outfit and access

Christian Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Christian Counseling - Essay Example This is the reason why church counseling had been given birth. The issues that could be addressed by individuals towards the church are not limited. The fact that the authorities of the church are believed to have been continuously assisted by God in all their ways, it could not be denied that the assistance they provide believing individuals is indeed practical and applicable. People spend millions of dollars on self-help books and professional counseling. While the advice thus found may sometimes be helpful, a Christian's faith leads him to a far better source of aid. Says James: "So, if any one of you is lacking in wisdom, let him keep on asking God, for he gives generously to all and without reproaching; and it will be given him. But let him keep on asking in faith, not doubting at all, for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven by the wind and blown about." (James 1:5,6) A Christian's faith is the guarantee that such divine aid will be provided. He has no hesitancy about approaching God in this way, for 'he has this freeness of speech and an approach with confidence through his faith in [Christ].'(Ephesians 3:12) True, the degree that professional counselors garnered from their respective universities cannot be denied to have a certain level of high standard when it comes to dealing with individuals who are having problems of different sorts. However, this truth cannot also be denied of the fact that their counseling procedures are based upon the capability of humans to resolve their issues. How the Church Handles Counseling On the contrary, the church relies on the most powerful source of knowledge and practical counsel, the Bible. Admittedly, the direction God gives people can at times seem difficult, perhaps even impossible-to implement. Abraham, for example, received God's promise that he and his wife were to have a son. Considering the fact that their reproductive powers were 'dead,' attempting to have this child seemed futile. Yet, says Paul: "Although [Abraham] did not grow weak in faith, he considered his own body, now already deadened, as he was about one hundred years old, also the deadness of the womb of Sarah. But because of the promise of God he did not waver in a lack of faith, but became powerful by his faith, giving God glory and being fully convinced that what he had promised he was also able to do." (Romans 4:19-21) From Abraham's example, it could be noted that the only thing needed to have fine results from the Church's way of counseling is to have faith that these particular guidance assistances could lead to the betterment of the situations that each individual deals with at present. While God is not at this time performing such direct miracles, Christians today find

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police 2011 Essay

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police 2011 - Essay Example The verdict was that the officers acting as agents of the defendant, had neglected the aspects of investigating on the issue of contention. The issue of contention involved the claims of human trafficking as well as the duties and the powers of the police. The issue involved the claim that the claimants had been exposed to degrading, inhuman treatment, besides being held under servitude and forced compliance. Following the suit, each of the claimants was awarded a cash retribution of 5,000 as non-pecuniary compensation (Benitez et al. 2010). Discussion The case in question was the first of its kind, to be heard in England and the South Whales, especially due to its scope. The case was questioning the scope of the duties and obligations of police officers, with regard to investigating reported instances of the violations of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. The case involved the abuse faced by four Nigerian women, previously trafficked into the U.K, while still below the age of eighteen â €“ to be used for domestic servitude. The four women had brought a claim against the commissioner of police in charge of the Metropolis, demanding compensation – for the failure of carrying out investigations into the intelligence of the cases presented to the police years back, regarding the illegal trafficking and forced servitude at North London. The Metropolitan Police Unit consented of having received the reports of the breach of the human rights of the four women, as per the provisions of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. However, the Metropolitan Police disputed the fact that the officers had breached the rights of the claimants, as a result of their failure to investigate the authenticity of the claims of the four women. However, there was no question regarding whether the duty to investigate was demanded under articles 3 and 4 of the ECHR, but, whether the failure to investigate constituted the breach of the duty (Williams & U.N. General Assembly 1981). In deciding th e breach to act on the cases of the women, Mr. Williams evaluated in details – the evidence provided and the background information offered by the four women and other present witnesses. These witnesses included the police unit, and all the police officers engaged in the reporting of the matter or involved in evaluating the cases of the four women at some point in time. One of the claimants had also challenged the Metropolitan Police Service to offer her retribution damages amounting to ?25,000, to which they consented. The MPS also expressed regret to her, over their failure to offer the basic standards in examining the circumstances surrounding her plight, which she had reported at the Southgate police station in 2004. Mr. William also considered the conditions surrounding the cases of the three other Nigerian women – who were not party to the ?25,000 case – claiming that they had undergone similar human rights abuse, and had reported the issues to the police. The police had done nothing about their cases (Ovey &White 2006). In the same case, in November 2008 – the four claimants had ordered their solicitor to address the MPS, requiring them to carry out criminal investigations into the case, against the people involved in the abuse of the claimants. In December 2008, the MPS consented to the responsibility of undertaking the investigation into the issues surrounding the human rights abuse of the four. According to the case, it was confirmed that

Emotional Memory Essay Example for Free

Emotional Memory Essay Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the actual event. This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies details of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thus facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding. The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the details of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years. One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person almost died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident. It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory. According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred. On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cortex. Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual. The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and ultimately, one’s mental condition. It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past. It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each other’s messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means. References Smith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472–479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , D’Argembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi

The Importance of Language in Richard Wright’s Novel, Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

The Importance of Language in Richard Wright’s Novel, Black Boy Words are powerful things. They can be used to construct or destruct. In the novel Black Boy, Richard Wright discovers this fact after reading inspirational works written by a man named Mencken. It is at this point in his life where he understands the importance of words. Wright qualifies the idea that language is an important key to identity and social acceptance using figures of speech and warrants. A rhetorical technique used by Wright is this passage is that of metaphors. For example, when describing Mencken’s effectiveness he uses phrases such as â€Å"he was using words as a weapon.† This simile conveys to the reader just how powerful the new experience was for Wright. Richard wondered if he would ever be able to create something so significant. Although the idea seemed frightening at first, Wright was able to fight using his words in the end. In addition, to extend the metaphor of words being weapons, the language on the page is so full of disgust that Wright imagines Mencken had â€Å"slash[ed] [it] with his pen.† This image gives convincing evidence that Mencken was extremely irate with his society. His sword is the pen and his words are the blow. Those who are witness to this ‘duel’ are those who are effected by its cuts. Readers begin to realize just how important language is to identity and beliefs. Richard Wright utilizes evidence to create an ethos appeal for his readers. For instance, he doubts his literary choice once he reads the title of the book given to him: Prejudices. In his personal experience those that had spoken this word were not entirely right, according to him. He toys with the idea that this man (Mencken) is mistaken; he, himself, looked to have been mistaken. Wright made an unjustified conclusion about this writer judging by the single word on the cover of a book. If one word could bring up such emotion from this boy, imagine what a whole slew of these words would create in their wake. Mencken was not accepted by his race due, impart, to his beliefs.

Bullying and Students

Preventing Bullying Ralph Washington SOC 312 Child, Family & Society Bridget Morales March 18, 2013 Bullying can be a very bad thing in our classrooms. It can hinder the development of a child and in cases cause them to harm themselves (Bojczyk, Shriner, Shriner, 2012). As a teacher it is our job to recognize the signs of bullying and create a lesson or activity to make students aware of the problem. This may not solve the problem of bullying, but if more students are aware of the problem then more can be done about it.After reading â€Å"The Bully in the Mirror† by Antonio (Pacer Center, 2012), I think that it would be nice to do a dramatic play or scene around bullying. Monday- The first day of the week we would research and get an understanding of bullying. Students must be aware of the different types of bullying and the signs of bullying. This activity should be based on what the student thinks first and then compare their answers to the research. The students’ ans wers should be posted in the classroom and then use websites such as http://www. stopbullying. com to see just how many of the answers match the research.This website tells the educator what to do as well as the students. Teachers must first make their classroom environment safe and inviting before this activity can take place (stopbullying. com, 2000). Children are more acceptable to open up if they are in a comfortable setting. When the answers are match and the class decides on the best ones to use, and then have the students write them down. This will be the base of our activity. Tuesday- We continue our lesson on bullying by reviewing from the previous day. Today we take our information from yesterday and use it to write a short poem to prevent bullying.Encourage the students that it is not important if the poem rhymes or if it is in the actual format of a poem. The meaning behind what they write is what is important. Then have the students come up and read what they have writt en and discuss it with the class. The teacher must emphasize that laughing is considered a form of bullying and no laughing will be tolerated while the poems are being read (Bojczyk, Shriner, Shriner, 2012). After the poems are read then the teacher should collect them and then randomly pass them out to the students.Using their classmates work the students are asked to take the poems home and create a scene to use in our production at the end of the week. Wednesday-The scenes should be completed and now it is time to work as a group. The class is divided up into two groups and the students should use their homework to create a short play. While this is going on the teacher must re-emphasize that laughter and picking is still a part of bullying and it will not be tolerated. The teacher needs to encourage the groups to choose parts that they think will best help the students in that group.If a student is considered more outspoken then they should play a part of a shy kid or the one th at is being bullied. Use the shy student to be the bully. Reversing roles will allow the other to feel what the child goes through on a daily basis. The students are asked to take their roles on home and practice with their parents and be ready to rehearse the next day. Thursday-Rehearsal begins today. The teacher becomes the director and helps the students with their skits. The teacher must realize that the object of this lesson is to teach the students how to recognize and prevent bullying.The best way for them to understand is to use their own language and concepts. The teacher is only there to guide them through the process. During rehearsal ask questions as to why they choose to use certain lines or sayings. Ask the class as a whole if they understand what is taking place in the skit. By the end of the day the students should have some idea on how to portray their part and they should be ready for the final performance. Friday-It is show time! The students are given one more ch ance to go over their lines before the performance begins.All week they have been working on this project and they have an understanding of bullying, but the other students in the school may not. As a final gesture to prevent bullying, the students are asked to perform for another class. The shock may be a little much for some, but it is part of the lesson. The students are asked to do this to see if they will be able to handle things outside their norm and to see if the other students are able to watch the play with being judgmental. Once again, the teacher must let the students know that laughing and picking is part of bullying.After the show is over, then the teachers should open the floor for discussions. Instead of the teacher answering the questions, allow the students that did the skit to answer the questions. The teacher should only interject when necessary. This whole lesson is to allow some change on the bullying problem. It was a creative way for a bully to see his or her ways without having to expose themselves to others. Sometimes when we can actually see our problem, then we can recognize it within ourselves. That is way Antonio used the mirror in his writings. We have to take a look at ourselves in order to see what is wrong with us.By using the skits the bully can sit back and say â€Å"hey that sounds a lot like me†. Then they are able to start to change. Now that the students have an understanding on bullying and can recognize it, they can interject when they see someone being bullied or they can help someone who has a problem with bullying. A student like Antonio needs to learn that they will have more friends and have more fun if they just fit in and not trying to be superior. Students should embrace a bully and befriend them and when they see them starting to stray, call them out on it.Let them know that they can come and discuss anything and the â€Å"buddy system† will work. Reference Bojczyk, K. E. , Shriner, B. M. , & Shr iner, M. (2012). Supporting children’s socialization: A developmental approach. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Pacers National Bullying Prevention Center: The End of Bullying Begins with you. Retrieved March 18, 2012 from http://www. pacer. org/bullying/resources/activities/toolkits/intro-to-bullying-prevention. asp Stop Bullying: What Can You Do. Retrieved March 18, 2012 from http://www. stopbullying. gov/what-you-can-do/educators/index. html

Cause-Effect

A couple of weeks ago, my grandmother passed away. I was at my lowest point in my life. I was extremely sad and depressed. However, I knew I could always rely on Salsa. I would call her In the middle of the night and she was there to pick up my phone calls. When I needed someone to express my emotions to, she was there. She always encouraged me to look on the bright side of things. She always ensured me that better days were going to come because death is a part of life that we simply have to deal with. She helped me cope and deal with the loss of my grandmother.We loud do activities such as working out and cooking together to keep my mind off the death of my grandmother. Salsa comforted me by having a shoulder to cry on when I didn't have anyone else. She was the only person that could understand my feelings and what I was going through. Salsa also supported me emotionally. There were times when I had difficulties in school and I felt like giving up. However, she encouraged me keep pushing harder to accomplish my goals. She helped me understand that there are going to be struggles that we face In this world but we cannot give up and run from our problems.She supported me by Glenn me great advice and pushing me to do my best with my academics. Her words of encouragement boosted my self-esteem to accomplish my goals. I am extremely grateful to have someone like Salsa in my life. She has always been there for me when others did not understand. She is honestly one of the sweetest people I have met in my life. Salsa helps me stay grounded and humble. She supports me emotionally by always being there for me in times of difficulty, making me laugh when I am sad and encouraging me to try my best with everything.Her physically and emotional support has helped me get through the most hardest times In life. I know I can always count on her to cheer me up. By Handmaiden Cheddar Suffix Abdul Caked Two years ago, I met a beautiful young girl name Salsa. I met her at a famil y Salsa. I would call her in the middle of the night and she was there to pick up my that we face in this world but we cannot give up and run from our problems. She supported me by giving me great advice and pushing me to do my best with my times in life. I know I can always count on her to cheer me up.

Feeding of goats Essay Example

Feeding of goats Essay Example Feeding of goats Essay Feeding of goats Essay Introduction Feed is really of import for farm animal as for dairy or beef/mutton intent. To acquire a maximal net income from any farm animal a good eating direction and feeding harmonizing to alimentary demands is necessary. If eating is non harmonizing to demand, most of the provender food is loss and there is no consequence on the public presentation of the carnal.feed is a individual most cost in any farm animal elevation. About 64 % cost is on feeding excepting the labour. Good managemental patterns decrease the provender cost. The chief accent in this article is on the alimentary demand of caprine animals, feeding patterns which promote good wellness and increase immune map and ultimately addition production of meat and milk from caprine animals. Goats are really good browser i.e. they merely eat immature foliages of workss. By age, strain, production system either milk or meat, sex, organic structure size, physiological province and clime we can find the alimentary demands of caprine anim als. Feeding patterns is as that it can run into the protein, energy, vitamins and minerals demands. Goat consumes feed 3-4 % of their organic structure weight on dry affair footing. This feed consumption is change harmonizing to the phase of the animate being, organic structure weight, palatableness and physiological province of the animate being. Alimentary demands of dairy and mouton caprine animals Foods which are more of import for caprine animals Carbohydrates It includes sugars, amylum and fibres. Sugar and amylum are present in grains while fibres contain cellulose. And these saccharides are converted into volatile fatty acid by first stomachs agitation with the aid of bacteriums which are usually resident of first stomachs. Young leaves and fresh grazing lands contain extremely digestible fibre which contain more energy. Energy is presented as Entire Digestible Foods ( TDN % ) . It is recommended that half of the diet of the caprine animal is consist of hay or grazing land to minimise the high energy related diseases. Energy demands are varies harmonizing to physiological provinces of caprine animals e.g. care, gestation, lactation and growing. Dairy childs require more energy as comparison to grownups. It is recommended that high energy ration is fed at the clip of lactation. Proteins : Proteins are of import for organic structure growing. Different proteins are broken and change over into amino acids which are finally absorb in little bowel. These aminic acids are form organic structure proteins i.e. ( musculuss ) . This interruption down is occurs in first stomachs. Eatages, soyabean repasts, canola repasts and barly are the good beginning of proteins. During growing protein demands are increased and besides in milk synthesis. Always organize a cost effectual ration is made because protein is a expensive provender point. Water Good quality H2O is ever offers to caprine animals. Decrease H2O consumption can leave a negative consequence on public presentation of the caprine animals. If caprine animals are on high protein diets, they consume more H2O. Vitamins and mineral Goats require vitamins and minerals for their proper operation of different systems. Vitamin A, D, E and K is must be in provender because caprine animals can non do these vitamin in the organic structure. Although other vitamins are formed in the organic structure. Vitamin B is formed in the first stomachs and it is indispensable for caprine animal metamorphosis. For proper operation of immune system vitamin C is required. Both the micominerals and macrominerals are indispensable in caprine animal diets. 2:1 ratio of Ca and P is recommended. When minerals are added in provender, maintain in head that some eatages have high in some minerals while less in other minerals. Fat Fat is besides a good beginning of energy for caprine animals. Dairy caprine animals when browse they can devour some sum of fat besides. Excess energy is stored in the signifier of fat in the organic structure and during lactation high energy is required and this fat is use as an energy beginning. Feeding patterns for caprine animals The procedure by which nutritionary demands of caprine animals is relate with the alimentary ingredient of the provender is called as eating patterns. It can better productiveness. The chief aims of good provender patterns are 1-minimize provender cost and 2-increase carnal public presentation. Feeding of caprine animal childs For new born child foremost three yearss are really critical. The immature is merely like a non-ruminant because first stomachs is non developed, and meets their demands from foremilk and subsequently from milk. Colostrums contain high degree of proteins, globulins, and fat and milk solids. If child is non separated from dike merely after pull the leg ofing, child should have foremilk at least for first three yearss. If child is separate so it should be given milk replacer up to 8-12 hebdomad or until weaning age. ( The procedure by which child is separate from dike ) . Weaning age for meat purpose caprine animal is about three months while for dairy caprine animal it should be 3-4 yearss but depends upon the pattern. Kid starting motor should be incorporating 11 % fibre and 16 % petroleum protein and good quality hay for first stomachs development. Herd replacing eating From ablactating to up till 6 month of age child starting motor is used at the rate of 0.25-0.5 kg/day. Together with good grazing land and high quality eatages macro and micro minerals should be added in the grain mix which contains 16 % petroleum protein. When carnal grow at engendering age from six months to onward they require grain mixture about 0.5-1 kg/day, rough protein 14-16 % and vitamin E and A in provender. 25 % protein is non recommended in turning replacing. The genteelness is depends upon the weight and age of the does. Blushing ration is besides used for dairy caprine animals ; it is the addendum of energy and protein one month prior to engendering clip. Or when vaulting horse is introduced in herd. For meat caprine animal it is non necessary. Feeding of meat does in early gestation ( non-dairy ) In first 90 yearss of gestation meat caprine animals require foods for growing and care. For foetal growing extra foods are less require. From good quality eatages, minerals, salts and vitamin E and A is sufficient for dry caprine animal. Small sum of protein is necessitating if eatages are non good quality. Feeding of meat does in late gestation ( non-dairy ) During the last 60 yearss of gestation particularly 4-6 hebdomads prior to pull the leg ofing 12-14 % petroleum protein and grain mixture, good quality grazing land and hay is recommended. Feeding dairy does in early lactation Dairy does necessitate extra foods for milk production, some extra foods are necessitating for foetus. For multiple foetuss more protein and energy is required. Ingrain mixture with 12-14 % protein, good quality hay and salt mineral mixture is recommended. Far-off prohibitionist does feeding Dry period is recommended for maximal milk production. Last 2 months are of more attending for pregnant does. These 2 months are divided into two stages 1- Far-off dry period and 2- close-up dry period. Far-off dry period is the clip period in which does are dry merely 3 hebdomads before pull the leg ofing. Mammary system is repair during dry period and mammary cells are besides regenerates. Dry affair consumption is about 2-2.5 % of organic structure weight. 12-14 % protein in grain mixture is recommended. Feeding of passage or Close-up prohibitionist does The last 3 hebdomads of gestation is called as close-up dry period or passage period. In this period alimentary demand are increase dramatically while feed consumption is decrease about 35 % . At this phase carnal need more protein and energy to avoid the negative energy balance Nursing does feeding In first few month of lactation more foods are required by does to run into their demand for milk production and for childs. About 16 % petroleum protein is recommended along with vitamins and minerals. Feeding child for meat intent After 3 months of age i.e. weaning clip doelings are separated from clasping. Bucklings are kept for meat and doeling for replacing of herd. For meat purpose weirdo eating is done in this pattern extra addendums are fed to increase the growing rate 30-35 kilogram before 6 months. Creep eating is a good pattern to increase the weight addition. It is consists of maize, oats or pull the leg of grower mixture which contain 14-16 % of protein and fiber about 10 % . Slaughter at the age of 6 months is good pattern. Feeding for milk production Particularly in early lactation does are in negative energy balance, so good managemental pattern can increase the milk production and less opportunity of disease. At 6-8 hebdomads of lactation milk production is at extremum while feed intake extremums at 3-4 months of lactation. In first month of lactation animate being lose about 0.5-1 kilogram organic structure weight/week. But at four months lactation does derive weight 1-2 kg/month. 3-4 % adding if fat in diet can increase energy degree of diet to run into the demands in early lactation, high degree of protein is besides required. The ideal temperature for milk production is 50C-250 C. To diminish the emphasis on the dairy caprine animals following points are keep in head. Give less sum of provender more often Quality eatages should be given To keep pH attention deficit disorder buffer in provender For addition fibre digestion give barm Fed fat to increase energy degree Cool H2O is provide in summer

Immigration into America essays

Immigration into America essays In the eyes of the early American colonists and the founders of the Constitution, the United States was to represent the ideals of acceptance and tolerance to those of all walks of life. When the immigration rush began in the mid-1800s, America proved to be everything but that. The millions of immigrants would soon realize the meaning of hardship and rejection as newcomers, as they attempted to assimilate into American culture. For countless immigrants, the struggle to arrive in America was rivaled only by the struggle to gain acceptance among the existing American population. It has been said that immigration is as old as America itself. Immigration traces back as far as the 1500s when the West faced the coming of the Spanish. At that time, the Americas had been settled by the Indians, who were soon threatened by the first immigrants of America. These Spanish conquerors threatened to undermine the culture of the Indians as well as their way of life. Evidently, immigration started from the beginning of our countrys time and has had an everlasting effect on America today. Between 1880 and 1920 almost twenty-four million immigrants came to the United States. Between better salaries, religious freedom, and a chance to get ahead in life, were more than enough reasons for leaving their homelands for America. Because of poverty, no future and various discrimination in their homelands, the incentive to leave was increasing. During the mid-1800s and early 1900s, the labor and farm hands in Eastern Europe were only earning about 15 to 30 a day. In America, they earned 50 cents to one dollat in a day, doubling their paycheck. Those lower wage earners in their homeland were stuck in lowest paid jobs and had no chances to upgrade themselves. Many left their homelands in search of a better life and soon, word got out on how great things were in America. The job recruiters form America hung poster...

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary A Bear of Very Many Words: Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary Did you know that today, January 18, was A. A. Milne’s birthday? To mark this, people around the world are celebrating Milne’s much-loved creation, Winnie-the-Pooh. And for Winnie-the-Pooh Day this year, we thought we’d take a quick look at the language of Pooh. Pooh and friends. But what can a bear of very little brain offer the English language? More than you might expect! In fact, if we look at the Oxford English Dictionary, Pooh and his friends pop up a few times†¦ 1. Pooh-Sticks Perhaps the most obvious bit of Pooh in the dictionary comes with â€Å"pooh-sticks.† This is the game that Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends play by dropping sticks into a river on the upstream side of a bridge. The contestants then rush to the other side to see whose stick emerges first. This might not sound like a competitive sport, but the World Poohsticks Championships have been taking place in England for 35 years now! Pooh-sticks in action.(Photo: Malc McDonald) 2. Eeyore and Tigger Among Pooh’s friends in the Hundred Acre Wood, Eeyore and Tigger stand out for their contributions to the English language. Eeyore, the downbeat donkey, appears in the OED as a term for a â€Å"pessimistic, gloomy, or habitually disconsolate person† (or you can use the adjective â€Å"Eeyore-like, if you prefer). A â€Å"Tigger,† on the other hand, is defined as an â€Å"exuberant, energetic, and cheerful person.† The famously bouncy tiger has also inspired two adjectives: â€Å"Tiggerish† and â€Å"Tigger-like.† It seems, then, that Winnie-the-Pooh offers terms for people of very different temperaments! 3. Heffalumps and Woozles In A. A. Milne’s writing, heffalumps and woozles are (possibly imaginary) creatures that steal honey. And since Winnie-the-Pooh is really, truly very fond of honey, he has to be wary of these sneaky beasts! The words â€Å"heffalump† and â€Å"woozle,† and the creatures’ appearances, are based on the English words â€Å"elephant† and â€Å"weasel,† respectively. But outside of Milne’s writing, â€Å"heffalump† has become a playful word for real-life elephants (or sometimes, less politely, larger human beings). Sadly, the word â€Å"woozle† hasn’t yet made it into the dictionary. However, it has inspired the term â€Å"woozle effect.† This is based on the story of Pooh and Piglet mistaking their own footprints for those of a woozle, then chasing themselves in circles in a hunt for something that doesn’t exist. In the real world, the â€Å"woozle effect† occurs when a misleading or unsubstantiated idea is repeated and republished often enough that people start believing it (or chasing their own footprints, so to speak). So while â€Å"woozle† isn’t in the dictionary yet, it still might appear there one day!